白木香悬浮培养细胞中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮化合物的诱导形成

白木香是我国生产沉香的唯一植物资源,为研究其中次生代谢产物的生物合成,从国产沉香中分离并鉴定了4种已知的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮化合物,实验中以此作为标准品,以白木香根悬浮培养细胞为材料,黄绿墨耳真菌提取物为诱导子,首次在组织培养物中成功诱导了2-(2-苯乙基)色酮化合物的产生,为研究中药沉香活性成分2-(2-苯乙基)色酮化合物的生物合成建立了一个试验体系。     

The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against enkephalins

The hybridoma technology of Kohler and Milstein (1975) was utilized to produce monoclonal antibodies against the enkephalins. Two hybridomas, AD4 and DB4, produced monoclonal antibodies of the IgG type 1 class against Leu⁵-enkephalin that were highly specific for Leu⁵- and Met⁵-enkephalin. AD4 exhibited almost equal reactivity with either Leu⁵- or Met⁵-enkephalin, whereas DB4 exhibited only a 20% cross-reactivity with Met⁵-enkephalin. The IC₅₀ of these monoclonal antibodies were approximately two orders of magnitude greater than the IC₅₀ a polyclonal antiserum against enkephalins (A206; Miller et al 1978) used routinely in many immunochemical and immunocytochemical studies.The monoclonal antibodies, AD4 and DB4, exhibited specific sequence and size requirements for binding enkephalin-related peptides. The amino acid sequence Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu or Gly-Gly-Phe-Met was essential for recognition by AD4 and DB4. However, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe which lacks Leu or Met in the fifth position did not react with our monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, enkephalin-related peptides in which the enkephalin sequence was situated at the amino terminus and which contained six or more amino acids did not react significantly with AD4 or DB4. In particular, unlike the polyclonal antiserum A206, our monoclonal antibodies do not react with dynorphins 1–6 or 1–13. However, when the monoclonal antibody (AD4) was used to localize immunohistochemically the population of enkephalinergic amacrine cells in the chicken retina, it provided a staining pattern quite comparable to that observed in previous studies (Watt et al., 1983) using the polyclonal enkephalin antiserum A206. This finding therefore demonstrates that the immunoreactive products visualized in the enkephalin-immunoreactive amacrine cells of the chicken retina with the polyclonal antiserum correspond to authentic enkephalin or peptides very closely related to the enkephalins.     

Observation of water and Na+ in tissues of theBruguiera gymnorrhiza by1H-and23Na-NMR imaging

Distributions of free water, which is called water in this investigation, in mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam.) tissues were examined by using¹H-NMR imaging, and accumulation of Na⁺ in hypocotyls was examined by using high resolution²³Na-NMR and²³Na-NMR imaging in relation to their morphology. Water located preferentially in the epidermis and the outer layer of cortex adjacent to the epidermis, and around vascular bundles of a root, a branch stem, and hypocotyls. Amount of water detected in the middle parts of cortex and pith was small unlikeAucuba japonica branch tissue. On the other hand, relatively high concentration of Na⁺ was detected in the pith besides the epidermis and the outer layer of the cortex adjacent to the epidermis, and around vascular bundles of the hypocotyl. The localization of Na⁺ did not correspond to that of water. Concentrations of Na⁺ accumulated (up to 22mM) in the hypocotyl were approximately 10 times higher than those observed in tissues of ordinary plants. The characteristic water distribution and accumulation of Na⁺ in the mangrove are considered to relate to their ecological nature for the adaptation to saline environments.     

Comparison of methods of determining stability and adaptation of sweet potato

Summary Four methods were used to determine stability and adaptation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.). Data from 14 sweet potato clones evaluated over 14 environments were used. Regression coefficients provided little information with regard to stability but did provide information on response of individual clones. Stability parameters using three of the four methods were highly correlated. The fourth presented different ranking patterns of stability than the other methods. However, the top five stable clones identified by the four methods were almost the same. Two methods were more effective and convenient in discriminating sweet potato clones based on their stabilities. Clones W151, Resisto, and W192 were more stable for no. 1 root yields. W151 and W192 were also stable for total root yields.Paper no. 10832 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7601, USA. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by North Carolina Agricultural Research Service nor does it imply approcal to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This article is from a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfilment of the requirements for 1 Ph.D. degree.Present address: VISCA, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines     

不同品种杏的性器官发育和结实性比较研究

通过对原产于不同地区的５１个杏品种的性器官发育和结实性的系统调查和测定,结果表明,１．花粉上和形状少数虽有一定差异,而大数色大多数品种相似,吕种间花粉萌发率尽管差异很大,但所有品种均为花粉可育型。２．大多数品种不完全花百分率很高,自然授粉率很,其主要原因是雌蕊败育。３．品种间不完全花百分率与花粉萌发率呈正相关;４．欧洲生态群品种与中国生态群品种比较芬粉大小和形态基本相似,而花粉萌发率和不安全花百分     

Plant regeneration of Iris pallida Lam. and Iris germanica L. via somatic embryogenesis from leaves,apices and young flowers

Irones are violet-scented ketonic compounds contained in the rhizome of certain species of iris. As cultivation of the iris tends to decrease, a selection program has been initiated to find the best performing clones in terms of growth and yield. Parallel to this selection, in vitro regeneration studies have been carried out in order to multiply interesting clones. A method of rapid multiplication by somatic embryogenesis associated with multibudding was developed. Callus was obtained from leaf bases, flower pieces or rhizome apices; the best explants were flower pieces. The induction media used to obtain embryogenic callus were Murashige & Skoog (1962) media. Assays with adding of proline in these media have showed that it could double the yield of embryogenic callus. The embryogenic expression medium was the Knudson's orchid agar (Knudson 1946) medium. Conformity of the plants obtained was checked by comparing their chemotypes with those of the mother plants.Abbreviations AIB indolyl butyric acid - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - Kin 6-furfurylaminopurine - KN Knudson's orchid Agar - MS Murashige & Skoog medium - NAA naphthaleneacetic acid - N6 Chu et al. medium - Pro proline - 2,4-D dichlorophenoxyacetic acid     

白木香遗传多样性研究

用ISSR分子标记技术对白木香(Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg)的遗传多样性进行分析.结果表明,白木香物种水平的遗传多样性较高,而居群水平的遗传多样性相对较低,其中广东茂名居群的遗传多样性最高.白木香居群间存在较大的遗传分化,遗传分化系数G_(ST)=0.4425,表明居群内遗传分化大于居群间的分化.UPGMA聚类分析表明白木香分化为两个谱系,其中谱系Ⅰ由广东、福建、海南的5居群组成,谱系Ⅱ由广西、云南的3个居群组成.居群间的基因交流受到阻碍(Nm=0.6633<1),阻碍主要产生于两个谱系间,而谱系内部的居群间在较近的历史时期基因交流频繁(Nm分别为1.4382和1.2333),谱系分化的原因主要是地理因素,两谱系交界处有云开山脉等形成的天然屏障,阻碍物种的扩展和基因交流.     

白木香树干中的黄酮类成分

从白木香[Aquilaria smensis(Lour.)Gilg]树干的乙醇提取物中分离得到5个黄酮类化合物,经波谱分析,分别鉴定为:洋芹素-7,4'-二甲醚(1)、5-羟基-7,3',4'-三甲氧基黄酮(2)、木犀草素-7,4'-二甲醚p)、芫花素(4)和4',5-二羟基-3',7-二甲氧基黄酮(5).以上化合物均为首次从该种植物树干中分离得到.     

1株白木香内生真菌中抗肿瘤活性成分的分离纯化和结构鉴定

采用活性追踪的方法对白木香内生真菌螺旋木霉Trichoderma spiraleA17的抗肿瘤活性代谢产物进行了分离纯化和结构鉴定。通过凝胶柱层析和反相硅胶柱层析,从其发酵液的活性组分中分离到2个无色针晶化合物,质谱和核磁共振的鉴定结果表明化合物1是一个八氢萘衍生物,命名为木霉酸(Trichodermic acid),化合物2是酪醇(Tyrosol)。活性实验显示化合物1对SF-268、MCF-7和NCI-H460 3种肿瘤细胞株都具有显著的增殖抑制活性,而化合物2对这3种肿瘤细胞株只有微弱的增殖抑制活性。     

水团花药材对照品的研究

采用柱色谱分离法对水团花的根进行了单体化合物的分离,并对所分得的Quinovic acid-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（28→1）-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester和Noreugenin进行了结构确证;结合该药材的药理活性研究,以此两种成分分析为指标,确立了药材的对照品.